Sales by Farming Operations

Usually exempt for resale, processing, or human consumption:

• Grain
• Livestock
• Any other farm or garden product

Examples of items that are taxable when sold to the ultimate user:

• Pet food
• Grain for race horses

Purchases by Farming Operations

Purchases by farmers may be exempt from Iowa sales and / or use tax. Just because something is purchased by a farmer, it is NOT automatically tax exempt. Anyone claiming exemption must be able to show they are entitled to it.

See Purchases and Sales: Taxable and Exempt below.

Use Tax

Taxable purchases from suppliers who do not collect Iowa sales tax are subject to Iowa use tax if the purchase is for use in Iowa. Anyone making these kinds of purchases regularly must register for a sales and use tax permit. A sales and use tax permit is not needed for occasional purchases of this type, but the use tax must still be paid to Iowa.

Auctions

Exempt if:

• Sale of qualifying farm machinery or equipment
• Casual sale*

*A casual sale is one that does not occur on a regular basis (nonrecurring). The seller does not usually sell goods or taxable services for profit. If the seller does, the sale must be outside the regular course of business to be a casual sale. Two separate selling events outside the regular course of business within a 12-month period are considered nonrecurring.

Taxable if:

The casual sale exemption does not apply if there are three separate selling events within a 12-month period. Tax applies beginning with the third separate selling event. 

Bedding

Exempt if used for agricultural livestock or fowl:

• Woodchips
• Sawdust
• Hay
• Straw
• Paper
• Any other materials used for bedding

Chemicals and Fertilizers

Exempt if for direct use in agricultural production to kill pests, insects, or weeds, or promote the growth of plants:

• Fertilizer
• Limestone
• Chemicals, including adjuvants and surfactants

Computers

Taxable when purchased by a farmer

Draft Horses

Exempt:

• Breeds commonly thought of as draft animals
  • Belgian, Clydesdale, Percheron, and Shire
• Other horses used for pulling loads

Drainage Tile

Exempt:

Sale or installation as part of agricultural production

Taxable:

In all other cases, drainage tile is taxable as a building material.

Machinery used in laying drainage tile is generally taxable.

Food for Animals

Exempt for livestock and domesticated fowl:

• Feed
• Antibiotics added to feed or water
• Vitamins and minerals

Taxable:

• Food for pets and racing animals

Global Positioning Systems (GPS)

Exempt if attached to farm implements

Taxable:

• Maps made from the GPS information

Greenhouses

Exempt for the production of flowering, ornamental, or vegetable plants intended for sale:

• Fuel used for heating or cooling of production areas
• Electricity used in production
• Machinery and equipment used directly and primarily in production
• Auxiliary attachments
• Replacement or repair parts
• Water used for production

Taxable:

• Heating or cooling office space
• Repair labor

Hand Tools

Exempt when specifically designed for use in agricultural, dairy, and livestock production:

• Exempt for Agricultural Production
• Exempt for Dairy and Livestock Production

Taxable:

Hand tools that can serve a variety of purposes, such as construction tools of all kinds

See Taxable even if used in agricultural production

Livestock and Domesticated Fowl

Exempt - Livestock

“Livestock” is domesticated animals to be raised on a farm for food or clothing. The following are examples of livestock that are exempt from tax:

• Sheep
• Cattle
• Swine/hogs
• Goats
• Ostriches
• Rheas
• Emus
• Farm deer*
• Preserve whitetail deer
• Bison
• Fish and other animals which are products of aquaculture

* “Farm deer” includes fallow deer, red deer, elk, sika, whitetail, and mule deer but not free-ranging whitetail or mule deer. Farm deer does not include unmarked free-ranging elk.

Exempt - Domesticated Fowl

“Domesticated fowl” is fowl raised as a source of food, either meat or eggs. Examples of domesticated fowl are:

• Chickens
• Turkeys
• Ducks
• Geese
• Pigeons

Taxable animals

The following are examples of animals that, even if raised on a farm as a source of food or clothing, are taxable:

• Mink
• Bees

Machinery and Equipment Purchase or Rental

Exempt when used directly and primarily in agricultural or livestock production:

• Self-propelled implements
• Implements customarily drawn or attached to a self-propelled implement
• Auxiliary attachments which improve the performance, safety, operation, or efficiency of the farm machinery or equipment

Exempt when used in agricultural production and attached to or towed by a self-propelled implement of husbandry:

• Snow blower
• Blade
• Rotary cutter

Certain farm machinery and equipment which is not self-propelled or attached to self-propelled equipment are also exempt from tax.

Exempt when used primarily in agricultural production and attached to or towed by a self-propelled implement of husbandry or any vehicle:

• Diesel fuel trailer
• Seed tender

See Exempt for Agricultural Production.

See Exempt for Dairy and Livestock Production.

See Exempt for Flowering, Ornamental, or Vegetable Plant Production.

Medicine sold by a veterinarian or any other person

Exempt:

When treating livestock and domesticated fowl

Taxable:

When treating pets and other non-livestock / non-domesticated fowl

See Iowa Sales Tax and Veterinary Services.

Packing Materials

Exempt if used in agricultural, livestock, and dairy production:

• Containers
• Labels
• Cartons
• Pallets
• Packing cases
• Wrapping
• Baling wire
• Twine
• Bags
• Bottles
• Shipping cases
• Other similar items

Pets and Racing Animals

Taxable:

• Horses, except draft horses
• Mules
• Dogs
• Cats
• Other pets
• Racing animals
• Other animals not generally associated with agricultural production

Exempt if:

• Purchased to be immediately offered for resale

Portable Toilet Rentals and Servicing

Taxable:

A portable toilet is not machinery or equipment directly and primarily used in agricultural production. Therefore, the rental of a portable toilet is the sale of tangible personal property, the sales price of which is subject to sales tax.

Waste removal exempt if separately itemized:

When a portable toilet rental company also sells waste removal services and itemizes that service separately on an invoice, the waste removal service is not subject to tax: sewage sludge is excluded from the definition of “solid waste,” the removal of which is otherwise taxable under Iowa Code section 423.2(7). However, if the rental company does not separately itemize the waste removal service and the portable toilet rental in a contract to provide such products and services, the entire sales price is taxable as a bundled transaction under Iowa Code section 423.2(8).

Real Property

In general, machinery or equipment is real property if:

• It becomes a substantially permanent part of the farm property or
• Its removal after installation is difficult or
• If removal substantially lessens the value of the machinery or the location where it was placed

Usually taxable:

• Machinery and equipment that will become real property after installation

There are exceptions to this general rule for certain items. For example, agricultural drainage tile is exempt from tax.

Exempt for livestock or dairy production, aquaculture production, or the production of flowering, ornamental, or vegetable plants:

• Auger systems
• Curtains and curtain systems
• Dip systems,
• Fans and fan systems
• Shutters
• Inlets
• Shutter or inlet systems
• Refrigerators

Replacement Parts

Exempt when used in the operation of eligible farm machinery or equipment:

• Oil filters
• Spark plugs
• Gas filters
• Tires

Taxable supplies include:

• Oil
• Grease

Utilities

Exempt if used for agricultural production:

• Electricity
• Natural gas
• Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG)
• Other forms of energy / fuel
• Energy / fuel used in heating or cooling (not general lighting) of livestock buildings on the farm
• Fuel used in an implement of husbandry, such as a tractor or combine
• Energy / fuel used to dry grain

Taxable:

Energy used for other purposes, such as recreation, hobbies, lighting, or for farm shops

State sales tax does not apply to residential energy use; however, local option sales tax, if any, does apply.

Exemption certificate for energy used in agricultural production

To claim exemption, complete Iowa form 31-113 (pdf) and give it to your supplier. The energy supplier will require an updated form at least every three years. Documentation of the energy used for agricultural production must be provided to the utility company.

When filling out the exemption certificate for your utility company, you will need to show what percent of your total energy consumption is for agricultural production. Separate meters for production and non-production use are ideal for determining the exempt and nonexempt energy percentages. However, a separate meter for non-production use is not practical for some farmers. If you do not have production and non-production uses metered separately, you need to determine the percentage of total energy used in agricultural production.

Your previous year's monthly utility bills can be used as a guide to help you determine your total annual use. Ordinarily, the 12-month period immediately preceding the date you apply for exemption is used. However, your circumstances can dictate that you use a shorter or longer period than 12 months or that you use a 12-month period other than the immediately preceding one. If for some reason your usage last year was not typical, select a 12-month period that is more representative; be sure to have adequate documentation. Your utility company may be able to assist you.

See these links for additional information: Worksheet and Example for Determining Electricity used in Processing / Agriculture;  Worksheet and Example for Determining Natural Gas used in Processing / Agriculture

Vehicles

Registered vehicles, such as the following, are subject to the 5% one-time registration fee, even if used in agricultural production:

• Pickups
• Stock trucks
• Grain trucks
• Camping trailers
• Livestock trailers

Farm tractors, combines, and others

Exempt if:

• Used directly and primarily in agricultural production
• Self-propelled, and
• Not subject to registration

Implements customarily drawn by self-propelled implements

Exempt if:

• Directly and primarily used in agricultural production and
• Not subject to registration

Diesel fuel trailers and seed tenders attached to or towed by a self-propelled implement or any vehicle

Exempt if:

• Primarily used in agricultural production

All-Terrain Vehicles (ATVs)

Exempt if:

• Primarily used in agricultural production
• Not subject to registration

Prior to 7-1-15, ATVs were required to be directly and primarily used in agricultural production to qualify for exemption.

Taxable if:

• Primarily for recreation

ATVs do not qualify for exemption as a "casual sale."

Veterinary Services

Veterinary services are not taxable.

See Iowa Sales Tax and Veterinary Services.

Water

Exempt if:

• Used directly as drinking water for livestock or domesticated fowl production
• Used by greenhouses for agricultural production

Taxable for:

• Household use
• Sanitation
• Swimming pools
• Other personal use

When water is used in livestock production and for other purposes but is not separately metered, the first 5,000 gallons of water per month is taxable. The balance is exempt as agricultural production.

Wind Energy Conversion

Exempt:

• Materials used to manufacture, install, or construct property used to convert wind energy to electrical energy

A seller must obtain a completed exemption certificate from the purchaser to verify the purchase qualifies for the exemption.

Iowa Code section 423.3, subsection 16A, exempts the following from sales and use tax: “the sales price from the sale of a grain bin, including material or replacement parts used to construct or repair a grain bin.” It defines “grain bin” as “property that is vented and covered with corrugated metal or similar material, and that is primarily used to hold loose grain for drying or storage.”

In general, materials that are permanently attached to a grain bin and are required to hold loose grain for drying or storage are used to construct a grain bin and thus exempt from sales and use tax. In contrast, generally, equipment used to move loose grain into or out of a grain bin is taxable.

The purchaser of a grain bin (or, more precisely, the sponsor of a grain bin contract) does not need to be a farmer; the exemption is available to any person or entity that purchases a grain bin. To claim the exemption, the purchaser (“sponsor”) should present a sales tax exemption certificate to the seller (“contractor”), who should honor the certificate if it is otherwise complete.

It is important to note that grain bins are real property, and grain bin materials are building materials as that term is discussed in Iowa Administrative Code rule 701—219.3. This means that a contractor is responsible to account for use tax on grain bin materials. Iowa Administrative Code rule 701—214.20, provides a variety of examples to illustrate how taxpayers may claim the exemption. Please refer to the rule for further details.

It is also important to note that the exemption became effective July 1, 2019, even though the rules became effective afterward. If you feel you incorrectly paid tax on a grain bin after July 1, 2019, you may request a refund by submitting an IA 843 Refund Return.

<sup>1. Iowa Code § 423.3(16A) (2020)
2. Id</sup>

Services performed on a farm are generally taxable to the same degree that they are taxable to any other type of business.

Taxable:

• Exterminating bugs, roaches, and all other pests in the farm home
• Exterminating bugs, rodents, and all other pests in grain bins, full or empty
• Repairing a tractor or other farm equipment
• Routine maintenance services, such as oil changes
• Pressure washing a livestock building
• Welding

Exempt:

• Spraying pests to prevent or control infestation of cropland
• Parts used during repair may be exempt; see Replacement Parts

See Iowa Sales and Use Tax: Taxable Services.

If sales or use tax is paid in error, the person who paid the tax should file an IA 843 Claim for Refund (pdf) with the Department to request a sales / use tax refund. Refunds may be requested up to three years from when the tax payment was due or one year from when the tax was paid, whichever time is the later.

• Adjuvants 
• Alternators and generators¹ 
• Augers¹
• Balers
• Bale transportation equipment
• Baling wire and binding twine
• Batteries for exempt machinery
• Blowers, grain dryer
• Brush hogs¹
• Combines, cornheads, platforms
• Conveyors, temporary or portable¹
• Corn pickers
• Crawlers, tractor
• Cultipackers
• Cultivators
• Diesel fuel trailers
• Discs
• Draft horses
• Drags
• Drainage pipe and tile
• Dusters¹
• Ensilage cutters
• Ensilage forks and trucks, a pickup does not qualify
• Farm wagons and accessories
• Fertilizer, agricultural
• Fertilizer spreaders
• Filters
• Forage harvesters, boxes
• Fuel for grain drying or other agricultural production
• Gaskets
• Grain augers, portable¹
• Grain drills
• Grain dryer, heater and blower only
• Grain planters
• Harrows
• Hay conditioners
• Hay hooks
• Hay loaders
• Herbicides
• Implement customarily drawn or attached to a self-propelled implement
• Insecticides
• Irrigation equipment
• Kill cones
• Limestone, agricultural
• Manure spreaders
• Mowers, hay
• Oil filters
• Oil pumps
• Packing materials
• Pesticides
• Pickers
• Plants (seeds)
• Planters
• Plows
• Piston rings
• Pruning and picking equipment¹ 
• Replacement parts
• Rock pickers
• Rollers¹
• Rotary blade mowers; not lawn mowers
• Rotary hoes
• Seeders
• Seed cleaners¹
• Seed planters
• Seed tenders
• Seeds
• Self-propelled implements
• Shellers¹ 
• Silo blowers, unloaders¹
• Sowers
• Spark plugs for exempt machinery
• Sprayers¹
• Spreaders
• Sprinklers
• Subsoilers
• Surfactants
• Tillers
• Tires for exempt machinery
• Tractors, farm
• Tractor chains
• Tractor weights
• Vegetable harvesters 
• Weeders¹

¹Exempt if drawn or attached to a self-propelled farm implement or, if not real property, used directly and primarily in agricultural production

• Adjuvants
• Alternators and generators¹
• Artificial insemination equipment
• Auger systems
• Automatic feeding systems, portable
• Batteries for exempt machinery
• Barn ventilators
• Bedding materials²
• Breeding stock, agricultural
• Bulk feeding tanks, portable
• Bulk milk coolers and tanks, portable
• Calf weaners and feeders, portable
• Cattle feeders, portable
• Chain and rope hoists, portable¹
• Chick guards
• Chicken pickers, plucking equipment
• Clipping machines, portable³
• Conveyors, temporary or portable¹
• Cow stalls, portable
• Cow ties, portable
• Cow watering and feeding bowls, portable
• Crawlers, tractor
• Currying and oiling machines, portable
• Curtains and curtain systems
• Dehorners
• Domestic fowl
• Draft horses
• Drip systems
• Electric fence equipment, portable
• Fans and fan systems
• Farm wagons and accessories
• Farrowing houses, crates, stalls, portable
• Feed
• Feed bins, portable
• Feed carts, portable
• Feed elevators, portable
• Feed grinders, portable 
• Feed scoops³
• Feed tanks, portable
• Feeders, portable
• Feeder chutes, portable
• Fence and fencing supplies, temporary or portable
• Foggers
• Fuel to heat or cool livestock buildings
• Gaskets
• Gates, portable
• Gestation stalls, portable
• Grooming equipment, portable³
• Head gates, portable
• Heaters, portable
• Hog feeders, portable
• Hog ringers³
• Hoof trimmers, portable³
• Hypodermic syringes and needles, non-disposable
• Implements customarily drawn or attached to a self-propelled implement
• Incubators, portable
• Inlets and inlet systems
• Inoculation materials
• Insecticides
• Kill cones
• Livestock feeding, watering and handling equipment, portable
• Loading chutes, portable
• Manure brooms, portable³
• Manure handling equipment, includes front-end and rear-end loaders, portable³
• Manure scoops, portable¹
• Medications
• Milk coolers, portable
• Milking equipment, includes cans, etc.³
• Milking machines
• Milk strainers and strainer disks, if not disposable
• Milk tanks, portable
• Pesticides
• Poultry feeders, portable
• Poultry founts, portable
• Poultry litters, portable
• Poultry nests, portable
• Refrigerators
• Replacement parts
• Sawdust²
• Self-propelled implements
• Shutters and shutter systems
• Space heaters, portable
• Specialized flooring, portable
• Sprayers¹
• Squeeze chutes, stalls, portable
• Stanchions, portable
• Surfactants
• Tires for exempt machinery
• Thermometers³
• Tractors, farm
• Tractor chains
• Tractor weights
• Vacuum coolers
• Ventilators
• Water filters, heaters, pumps, softeners, portable
• Waterers/watering tanks, portable
• Weaners
• Wood chips²

1 Exempt if drawn or attached to a self-propelled farm implement or, if not real property, used directly in dairy or livestock production

2 Exempt when used as livestock and poultry bedding

3 Designed for farm use

• Air-conditioning pads
• Airflow control tubes
• Atmospheric CO2 control and monitoring equipment*
• Backup generators
• Bins holding sterilized soil
• Control panels for heating and cooling systems*
• Coolers used to chill plants*
• Cooling walls* or membranes
• Equipment used to control water levels for subirrigation
• Fans used for cooling and ventilating*
• Floor mesh for controlling weeds
• Germination chambers
• Greenhouse boilers*
• Greenhouse netting or mesh when used for light and heat control
• Greenhouse monorail systems* 
• Greenhouse thermometers
• Handcarts used to move plants
• Lighting which provides artificial sunlight
• Overhead heating, lighting, and watering systems*
• Overhead tracks for holding potted plants*
• Plant tables*
• Plant watering systems*
• Portable buildings used to grow plants*
• Seeding and transplanting machines
• Soil pot and soil flat filling machines
• Steam generators for soil sterilization*
• Warning devices which monitor excess heat or cold
• Watering booms

*Exempt if not real property.

• Additives
• Air compressors
• Air conditioners, unless a replacement part for exempt machinery
• Air tanks
• Antifreeze
• Axes
• Barn cleaner, permanent
• Baskets
• Belt dressing
• Bins, permanent
• Brooms
• Buckets
• Building materials* and supplies
• Burlap cleaners
• Cattle feeders, permanent
• Cement
• Chain saws
• Cleaning brushes
• Cleansing agents and materials
• Computers, including laptops, for personal use
• Computer software, canned
• Concrete
• Construction tools
• Conveyors, permanent
• Cow ties, permanent
• Ear tags
• Fence, posts, wire, permanent
• Field toilets
• Fire prevention equipment
• Freon
• Fuel additives
• Fuel tanks and pumps
• Garden hoses and rakes
• Glass
• Grain tanks, permanent*
• Grease
• Grease guns
• Hammers
• Hog rings
• Hydraulic fluids
• Hypodermic syringes, disposable
• Lamps
• Lanterns
• Lawn mowers
• Light bulbs
• Lubricants and fluids
• Lumber*
• Marking chalk
• Mops
• Motor oils
• Nails
• Office supplies
• Oxygen
• Packing room supplies
• Paint and paint sprayers
• Pliers
• Post hole diggers, hand operated
• Poultry brooders, permanent
• Poultry feeders, permanent
• Poultry nests, permanent
• Pruning tools
• Pumps for household or lawn use
• Radios, unless a replacement part for exempt machinery
• Refrigerators for home use
• Repair tools
• Road maintenance equipment
• Road scraper
• Roofing
• Sanders
• Scrapers
• Screwdrivers
• Shingles
• Shovels
• Silos
• Snow fence unless portable and used directly in dairy and livestock production
• Space heaters, permanent
• Specialized flooring, permanent
• Sprinklers, permanent
• Stalls, permanent
• Staples
• Stanchions, permanent
• Storage tanks
• Tarps
• Tilling machinery and equipment
• Tractors, garden
• Welders
• Wheel barrows
• Wrenches

*Contractors and sponsors that purchase building materials, other than grain bin materials, are responsible for paying sales tax to the vendor or supplier or accruing and remitting use tax on those materials.

Iowa income tax withholding is applied to the same wages and compensation as federal income tax withholding.

Registering as a Withholding Agent

Employers required to withhold must register with the State of Iowa and the Internal Revenue Service as a withholding agent. There is no fee for registering.

First register with the Internal Revenue Service to obtain a Federal Employer Identification Number (FEIN). You may call 1-800-829-4933 instead of applying online.

Then register online with Iowa or use Iowa Business Tax Permit Registration, 78-005 (pdf).

Filing and Paying Withholding Tax

Iowa withholding returns are submitted electronically. Every withholding agent is required to file a return for each period during the calendar year, even if tax was not withheld.

Penalty and Interest on Delinquent Returns

Returns and deposits must be filed no later than the due date to be timely. After the due date the amount of tax due is subject to penalty and interest.

See Penalty and Interest.

Iowa W-4

Employees must complete the federal and the Iowa W-4.

The Federal W-4 (pdf) is available on the IRS website at www.irs.gov

The Iowa W-4 is available online (pdf).

Within 15 days, each new hire and rehire is required to complete and sign an Iowa W-4. It must show the number of allowances the employee is claiming. If for any reason the employee does not complete an IA W-4, the employer must withhold at zero allowances.

Some employees are exempt from withholding. See the W-4 instructions.

Employers must keep copies of W-4 forms in their files for at least four years.

W-2

Employers

Employers are not required to send copies of W-2s or 1099s to the state of Iowa. Employers are still required to keep copies of the W-2s and 1099s for at least four years from the end of the year for which the forms apply.

W-2s must be given to employees on or before the last day of January following the tax year or within 30 days of the time the last wage payment is received if requested by the employee.

Blank W-2s may be obtained by contacting the IRS at 1-800-829-3676, ordering online from the IRS at www.irs.gov/, or from a commercial printer.

Employees:

If you need a copy of your W-2, first ask your employer. The Iowa Department of Revenue is not able to furnish W-2s. If you are unable to obtain a copy from your employer, here are some other possible options:

• Social Security Administration (SSA) - will provide copies of Forms W-2 for retirement purposes at no charge and for other than retirement purposes for a fee. Call 1–800–772–1213, or visit the SSA website at www.ssa.gov  for instructions on how to obtain wage information from the SSA.
• Internal Revenue Service (IRS) – will provide an exact copy of a previously filed and processed tax return with attachments (including Form W-2). You should complete Form 4506, Request for Copy of Tax Return, and mail it to the address listed in the instructions. A fee will be charged for each tax year requested.

See Iowa Withholding Tax Information.

Tax paid on fuel used in agricultural production is eligible for credit or refund.

Motor Fuel Credits and Refunds

Credit or refund of fuel tax:

• File your Iowa income tax return with form IA 4136 Computation of Iowa Motor Fuel Tax Credit (41-036)
• No permit needed

or

• Obtain a refund permit and file claims on GovConnectIowa

Dyed Diesel Fuel

Dyed diesel fuel may be purchased free of Iowa fuel tax. Therefore, farmers should purchase dyed diesel fuel for agricultural use whenever possible. Since fuel tax will not be charged at the time of purchase, no refund or credit will be necessary. Dyed diesel cannot be used in registered vehicles.

Fuel used to power implements engaged in agricultural production is exempt from sales/use tax.

This section is written for cooperatives, elevators, agricultural-chemical dealers, and fertilizer dealers.

Exempt

• Machinery and equipment used directly and primarily in the production of agricultural products
• Machinery and equipment used directly and primarily in a manufacturing process
• Replacement parts for exempt machinery and equipment
• Computers used in processing or storage of data by a commercial enterprise (farmers cannot purchase computers tax free, but an agribusiness may be eligible for exemption)

Taxable

• All vehicles subject to registration
• All equipment attached to a vehicle subject to registration
• Labor to repair exempt machinery and equipment
• Parts not separately itemized from labor
• Grain testing
• Grain storage
• Pest eradication

Taxable vs. Exempt Examples

Example 1:  Nurse Tank (for example, an anhydrous ammonia tank)

Taxable if attached to a vehicle subject to registration
Exempt if drawn by a self-propelled implement of husbandry used in agricultural production

Example 2: Grain Vacuum Conveyor

Taxable if used at an elevator
Exempt if used directly and primarily on a farm in agricultural production

Example 3: Tractor

Taxable if purchased by an elevator to primarily haul grain from an unloading dock to a silo
Exempt if used to till fields and harvest crops

Example 4: Skidloader

Exempt if primarily used in agricultural production. A co-op uses a skidloader 60% of the time to clean the feedlot of its livestock operation. The remaining 40% is used to handle fertilizer and do utility work on the co-op premises. The skidloader is exempt because it is primarily (more than 50%) used in agricultural production.
Taxable if a co-op uses a skidloader 100% of the time to load bags of seed, fertilizer, and feed on customer’s trucks.  

"Production of Agricultural Products" Begins With:

• Cultivation of land previously cleared for planting crops; or
• The purchase or breeding of livestock or domesticated fowl.

"Production of Agricultural Products" Ceases When:

• A product has been transported to the point where it will be sold by the producer or processed.

Exempt

• Machinery and equipment used directly and primarily in the production of agricultural products
• Machinery and equipment used directly and primarily in a manufacturing process
• Replacement parts for exempt machinery and equipment
• Computers used in processing or storage of data by a commercial enterprise (farmers cannot purchase computers tax free, but an agribusiness may be eligible for exemption)

Taxable

• All vehicles subject to registration
• All equipment attached to a vehicle subject to registration
• Labor to repair exempt machinery and equipment
• Parts not separately itemized from taxable labor
• Grain testing
• Grain storage
• Pest eradication

Taxable vs. Exempt Examples

Example 1 - Nurse Tank (for example, an anhydrous ammonia tank)

• Taxable if attached to a vehicle subject to registration
• Exempt if drawn by a self-propelled implement of husbandry used in agricultural production.

Example 2 - Grain Vacuum Conveyor

• Taxable if used at an elevator
• Exempt if used directly and primarily on a farm in agricultural production

Example 3 - Tractor

• Exempt if used to till fields and harvest crops
• Taxable if purchased by an elevator to primarily haul grain from an unloading dock to a silo

Example 4 - Skidloader

• Exempt if primarily used in agricultural production.

A co-op uses a skidloader 60% of the time to clean the feedlot of its livestock operation. The remaining 40% is used to handle fertilizer and do utility work on the co-op premises. The skidloader is exempt because it is primarily (more than 50%) used in agricultural production.

• Taxable

A co-op uses a skidloader 100% of the time to load bags of seed, fertilizer, and feed on customer's trucks.